{"id":139,"date":"2023-01-14T16:54:17","date_gmt":"2023-01-14T15:54:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/?p=139"},"modified":"2023-02-22T13:39:48","modified_gmt":"2023-02-22T12:39:48","slug":"robinson-crusoe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/?p=139","title":{"rendered":"Robinson Crusoe<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Ke\u010f Daniel Defoe v roku 1719 vydal v Lond\u00fdne svoju knihu, okam\u017eite sa stala bestsellerom. Rom\u00e1n bol prelo\u017een\u00fd do in\u00fdch jazykov a dnes vie asi ka\u017ed\u00fd na svete kto bol Robinson Crusoe a jeho sluha Piatok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     T\u00fdm, \u017ee som zaradil tento \u010dl\u00e1nok, je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee predlohou k nap\u00edsaniu knihy bol skuto\u010dn\u00fd \u010dlovek. \u00c1no je to tak. Bol to Alex Selkirk (p\u00f4vodn\u00fdm menom Selcraig). \u0160tyri roky a \u0161tyri mesiace s\u00e1m na ostrove, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 dnes n\u00e1zov po rom\u00e1novom hrdinovi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     Alex sa narodil v Lower Largo v \u0160k\u00f3tsku. Po neust\u00e1lych probl\u00e9moch, ktor\u00e9 vyr\u00e1bal bol predvolan\u00fd na miestny cirkevn\u00fd s\u00fad. Vedel, \u017ee ho neminie trest a preto rad\u0161ej utiekol rovno na more. Po \u0161iestich rokoch plavby sa vr\u00e1til sp\u00e4\u0165, ale nebol schopn\u00fd sa prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165. Preto znovu odi\u0161iel na more, na lo\u010f Cinque Ports ako navig\u00e1tor. Bol za\u010diatok 18. stor. a stal sa pir\u00e1tom, pod ochranou kr\u00e1\u013eovnej. Spo\u010diatku vo vod\u00e1ch okolo Ju\u017enej Ameriky operovali spolu dve dc\u00e9rske lode (druh\u00e1 mala n\u00e1zov St. George). Nap\u00e1dali \u0161panielske lode a l\u00fapili v\u0161ade, kde sa dalo, aj na s\u00fa\u0161i. Nesk\u00f4r sa rozdelili. Po\u010das plavby na jeho lodi zomrel kapit\u00e1n a miesto neho nast\u00fapil neob\u013e\u00faben\u00fd Thomas Stradling. Ke\u010f sa Cinque Ports doplavila k ostrovu M\u00e1s a Tierra (dnes Ostrov R. Crusoa), 640 km od \u010cile, bola po\u0161koden\u00e1 a mala minimum z\u00e1sob. Tu do\u0161lo k \u010fal\u0161ej roztr\u017eke medzi nov\u00fdm kapit\u00e1nom a Selkirkom. Ten tvrdil, \u017ee lo\u010f nie je schopn\u00e1 plavby a nutne potrebuje opravu. Musela to by\u0165 ostr\u00e1 v\u00fdmena n\u00e1zorov, ke\u010f\u017ee Alex po\u017eiadal kapit\u00e1na, aby ho nechal samotn\u00e9ho na ostrove. Z rados\u0165ou mu vyhovel a ke\u010f Selkirkovi do\u0161lo, \u010do spravil, bol u\u017e v \u010dlne. \u017diadal kapit\u00e1na, aby ho pustil sp\u00e4\u0165 na lo\u010f, no ten odmietol a s v\u00fdsmechom ho zanechal jeho osudu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0P\u00edsal sa okt\u00f3ber 1704 a tu za\u010d\u00edna pr\u00edbeh boja o pre\u017eitie. Na rozdiel od rom\u00e1nov\u00e9ho hrdinu nebol teda trose\u010dn\u00edkom a mal so sebou aj celkom slu\u0161n\u00fa v\u00fdbavu. Napriek tomu takmer \u0161tyri a pol roka nevidel \u017eiv\u00fa du\u0161u, nestretol sa so \u017eiadnym \u010dlovekom. Nemal \u017eiadneho spolo\u010dn\u00edka okrem ma\u010diek, ktor\u00e9 choval vo svojom pr\u00edbytku ako ochranu proti potkanom. Na ostrove boli aj kozy, ktor\u00e9 tam priviezli n\u00e1morn\u00edci. Ostrov pou\u017e\u00edvali na dop\u013a\u0148anie z\u00e1sob. Sta\u010dilo len pripl\u00e1va\u0165 a doplni\u0165 si \u010derstv\u00e9 m\u00e4so. Je zauj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee Selkirk kozy lovil tak, \u017ee ich u\u0161tval behom. Toto sa potvrdilo nesk\u00f4r po jeho z\u00e1chrane v Anglicku. Napriek neust\u00e1lemu pitiu a bitk\u00e1m mal aj tak vynikaj\u00facu kond\u00edciu. Na ostrove si dok\u00e1zal vyrobi\u0165 oble\u010denie z ko\u017e\u00ed, ke\u010f\u017ee vyrastal v rodine garbiara. O tom, \u010do a ako presne pre\u017eil nem\u00e1me \u010fal\u0161ie inform\u00e1cie, no pod\u013ea knihy z roku 1835 \u201e\u017divot a dobrodru\u017estv\u00e1 Alexandra Selkirka, skuto\u010dn\u00fd pr\u00edbeh Robinsona Crusoe, rozpr\u00e1vanie zalo\u017een\u00e9 na faktoch\u201c, vieme, \u017ee bol pri z\u00e1chrane zarasten\u00fd a mal probl\u00e9m s rozpr\u00e1van\u00edm. Pobyt na ostrove mu zv\u00fd\u0161il vn\u00edmavos\u0165, obozretnos\u0165 a bol du\u0161evne vyrovnan\u00fd. Svoj\u00edm zjavom a pr\u00edbehom spravil dojem na kapit\u00e1na z\u00e1chrannej lode. Ten ho hne\u010f spravil druh\u00fdm d\u00f4stojn\u00edkom. Spo\u010diatku sa str\u00e1nil \u013eud\u00ed a nenosil top\u00e1nky, lebo mu v nich op\u00fachali nohy. Napriek \u0161tyrom rokom samoty sa ve\u013emi r\u00fdchlo adaptoval a stal sa z neho znovu pir\u00e1t. Za nasleduj\u00face \u0161tyri roky obopl\u00e1val svet a vr\u00e1til sa do Anglicka ako bohat\u00fd mu\u017e. L\u00fapen\u00edm a drancovan\u00edm z\u00edskal hotovos\u0165 800 libier (dnes pribli\u017ene 70000 libier). Mus\u00edte sa pri tomto prepo\u010dte pozera\u0165 na vtedaj\u0161ie ceny, preto bol v tej dobe s tak\u00fdm obnosom pova\u017eovan\u00fd za bohat\u00e9ho \u010dloveka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     V roku 1713 nap\u00edsal jeden v\u00fdznamn\u00fd esejista o Selkirkovi \u010dl\u00e1nok v novin\u00e1ch. Alex sa stal sl\u00e1vnym a e\u0161te viac bohat\u00fdm. Po neskor\u0161om v\u00e4zen\u00ed, nesp\u00fatanom pit\u00ed, \u017eivota s dvomi \u017eenami, sa op\u00e4\u0165 vr\u00e1til na more, tentokr\u00e1t ako d\u00f4stojn\u00edk kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1morn\u00edctva, paradoxne ako protipir\u00e1tska hliadka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     Musel to by\u0165 zauj\u00edmav\u00fd \u010dlovek s mno\u017estvom znalost\u00ed. Jeho \u00fasudok opusti\u0165 lo\u010f bol spr\u00e1vny a zachr\u00e1nil mu \u017eivot. Cinque Ports sa nesk\u00f4r potopila aj s celou pos\u00e1dkou. Jeho v\u00f4\u013ea \u017ei\u0165 bola nezlomn\u00e1. K ostrovu sa nieko\u013ekokr\u00e1t pribl\u00ed\u017eili nepriate\u013esk\u00e9 lode. Nedal o sebe vedie\u0165 a rad\u0161ej po\u010dkal \u010fal\u0161ie roky aby ho nakoniec zachr\u00e1nili. Na druh\u00fa stranu bol to n\u00e1siln\u00edk, pijan, pir\u00e1t, vrah a zlodej. Ako \u017eil nakoniec aj umrel. Na lodi d\u0148a 13. decembra 1721. \u017dlt\u00e1 zimnica sa v podstate ned\u00e1 vylie\u010di\u0165 ani dnes. A ako ka\u017ed\u00fd n\u00e1morn\u00edk aj on bol hoden\u00fd do mora, zabalen\u00fd v plachte a obviazan\u00fd lanom.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

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Obr\u00e1zok z knihy z roku 1841, \u010fal\u0161ieho vydania o A. Selkirkovi<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

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     Mimochodom, vedeli ste, \u017ee v tom istom roku 1719 Defoe vydal hne\u010f aj druh\u00fd diel pr\u00edbehu? \u201e\u010eal\u0161ie dobrodru\u017estv\u00e1 Robinsona Crusoa\u201c.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Ke\u010f Daniel Defoe v roku 1719 vydal v Lond\u00fdne svoju knihu, okam\u017eite sa stala bestsellerom. Rom\u00e1n bol prelo\u017een\u00fd do in\u00fdch jazykov a dnes vie asi ka\u017ed\u00fd na svete kto bol Robinson Crusoe a jeho sluha Piatok.      T\u00fdm, \u017ee som zaradil tento \u010dl\u00e1nok, je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee predlohou k nap\u00edsaniu knihy bol skuto\u010dn\u00fd […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-139","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nezaradene"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/139","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=139"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/139\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":423,"href":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/139\/revisions\/423"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=139"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=139"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=139"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}