{"id":154,"date":"2023-01-15T13:12:42","date_gmt":"2023-01-15T12:12:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/?p=154"},"modified":"2023-01-25T13:35:13","modified_gmt":"2023-01-25T12:35:13","slug":"smrek-obycajny-picea-abies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/?p=154","title":{"rendered":"Smrek oby\u010dajn\u00fd (Picea Abies)<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n

     V\u010faka umelej v\u00fdsadbe od 19. storo\u010dia je jedn\u00fdm z najviac roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fdch stromov v celej Eur\u00f3pe. Patr\u00ed do \u010de\u013eade borovicovit\u00e9 a pozn\u00e1me ich pribli\u017ene 36 druhov. Ako to u\u017e b\u00fdva, botanici sa nevedia dohodn\u00fa\u0165, preto je toto \u010d\u00edslo v r\u00f4znych krajin\u00e1ch in\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Jeho vyu\u017eitie je ve\u013ek\u00e9 a pon\u00faka n\u00e1m zo seba takmer \u00faplne v\u0161etko. V\u00fdznamn\u00fd je pre drev\u00e1rsky a stavebn\u00fd priemysel. To, \u017ee sa zo smrekov\u00e9ho dreva vyr\u00e1ba n\u00e1bytok, nie je nutn\u00e9 zmie\u0148ova\u0165. A ako viano\u010dn\u00fd strom\u010dek u\u017e v\u00f4bec nie. T\u00fdm, \u017ee \u201er\u00fdchlo\u201c rastie, je komer\u010dne zauj\u00edmav\u00fd. V z\u00e1hradk\u00e1rstve sa vyu\u017e\u00edva k\u00f4ra ako ochrana proti mrazu. Pred roz\u0161\u00edren\u00edm chemick\u00e9ho priemyslu sa zo smreku vo ve\u013ekom z\u00edskaval tan\u00edn na spracovanie ko\u017e\u00ed. Samozrejme je mo\u017en\u00e9 vyu\u017ei\u0165 miazgu. V podstate rovnako ako u borovice (vi\u010f \u010dl\u00e1nok vy\u0161\u0161ie).\u00a0Pre z\u00e1les\u00e1kov sa napr. korene daj\u00fa pou\u017ei\u0165 ako improvizovan\u00fd \u0161pag\u00e1t, ale vyr\u00e1baj\u00fa sa z nich aj puzdra v tradi\u010dnom no\u017eiarstve a kedysi aj op\u00e1lky (ko\u0161\u00edky na \u00farodu). Najviac som ich videl pri \u0161kandin\u00e1vskych no\u017eoch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     Ale to najlep\u0161ie, \u010do n\u00e1m smrek m\u00f4\u017ee da\u0165, s\u00fa mlad\u00e9 v\u00fdhonky ihli\u010dia. Maj\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00fd obsah vitam\u00ednov a \u017eiv\u00edn potrebn\u00fdch pre \u010dloveka. V\u00fd\u017eivn\u00fa hodnotu by som priradil k t\u00fdm NAJ zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch na\u0161ich rastliniek. Napr. obsahuj\u00fa viac vitam\u00ednu C ako citr\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

     Daj\u00fa sa jes\u0165 surov\u00e9 aj ke\u010f ve\u013emi \u0165a\u017eko v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie mno\u017estvo, kv\u00f4li trpkosti. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa do v\u0161etk\u00fdch mo\u017en\u00fdch jed\u00e1l ak\u00e9 pozn\u00e1te. Prid\u00e1vaj\u00fa sa do \u0161al\u00e1tov a pr\u00edloh, om\u00e1\u010dok, pesta, zmrzliny, dezertov, keksov, horkej \u010dokol\u00e1dy a do m\u00e4sa pri jeho pr\u00edprave (v z\u00e1padn\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch hlavne na hydinu). \u010ealej do chleba, cestov\u00edn, polievok a r\u00f4znych n\u00e1pojov. Nezabudnem na pivo. V niektor\u00fdch \u010dastiach severnej Eur\u00f3py ich jedia spolu s ovoc\u00edm, zeleninou a r\u00f4znymi orie\u0161kami. U n\u00e1s je toto nepresk\u00faman\u00e1 kulin\u00e1rska oblas\u0165 a mysl\u00edm, \u017ee celkom na \u0161kodu. Ur\u010dite stoj\u00ed za to vysk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 ich pri pr\u00edprave jed\u00e1l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     V\u00fdhonky s\u00fa komoditou, ktorou sa v niektor\u00fdch \u010dastiach Alja\u0161ky plat\u00ed ako s peniazmi napr. v re\u0161taur\u00e1cii. V indi\u00e1nskych regi\u00f3noch je trad\u00edcia zberu v\u00fdhonkov st\u00e1le \u017eiv\u00e1. Niektor\u00e9 pivovary ich vykupuj\u00fa vo ve\u013ekom. Cena je vysok\u00e1. Tohto roku (2022) bol predaj za pol kilogramu a\u017e 30 eur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     U n\u00e1s, v strednej Eur\u00f3pe sa naj\u010dastej\u0161ie vyr\u00e1ba sirup. M\u00f4\u017eete n\u00edm sladi\u0165 \u010daj alebo si ho da\u0165 na palacinky. V \u010dasti Recepty som pop\u00edsal n\u00e1vod. Ak si chcete v\u00fdhonky uchova\u0165 na dlh\u0161ie obdobie, chlad nesta\u010d\u00ed. Vtedy vydr\u017eia r\u00e1dovo len p\u00e1r t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov. Lep\u0161ie je ich zamrazi\u0165 alebo hne\u010f vysu\u0161i\u0165. S\u00fa skvel\u00e9 na \u010daj, pr\u00edpadne po zomlet\u00ed ako korenie (prid\u00e1vam tro\u0161ku soli).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     Ak sa ich rozhodnete vysk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165, tak pros\u00edm berte pri zbere oh\u013ead na samotn\u00fd strom. V\u00fdhonky potrebuje pre svoj rast. Ak im ich v\u0161etky vezmete, hlavne tie na vrchu, strom\u010dek sa u\u017e nemus\u00ed spam\u00e4ta\u0165. Oh\u013eaduplnej\u0161ie je trha\u0165 ich zo star\u00e9ho stromu a ur\u010dite nie v\u0161etky. V\u017edy im v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu nechajte. \u010eakujeme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na z\u00e1ver zop\u00e1r zauj\u00edmavost\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     Anglick\u00fd v\u00fdraz pre smrek je \u201espruce\u201c. Pod\u013ea etymol\u00f3gov mohlo toto slovko vznikn\u00fa\u0165 z n\u00e1zvu Prusko. \u0160t\u00e1tu, ktor\u00fd u\u017e dnes neexistuje. Jeho najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia \u010das\u0165 sa nach\u00e1dzala na severe dne\u0161n\u00e9ho Po\u013eska pri Baltskom mori. Cez neho sa dov\u00e1\u017eal tovar od nemeck\u00fdch hanzov\u00fdch obchodn\u00edkov z v\u00fdchodu. Medzi nimi bol aj smrekov\u00fd n\u00e1bytok. V Anglicku predpokladali, \u017ee smrek je hlavn\u00fdm stromom t\u00fdchto kraj\u00edn. Ke\u010f\u017ee \u201espruSe\u201c znamenalo \u201ez Pruska\u201c, tak z\u00e1menou jedn\u00e9ho p\u00edsmenka vznikol dne\u0161n\u00fd anglick\u00fd n\u00e1zov stromu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     Za najstar\u0161\u00ed \u017eij\u00faci organizmus na svete sa pova\u017euje pr\u00e1ve smrek. Vol\u00e1 sa Old Tjikko a nach\u00e1dza sa vo \u0160v\u00e9dsku. Jeho vek odhadli na 9550 rokov. Vedci tvrdia, \u017ee si dok\u00e1\u017ee klonova\u0165 svoj kme\u0148 a preto je tak neuverite\u013ene star\u00fd. Be\u017ene sa smrek do\u017e\u00edva okolo 200 rokov. Na Slovensku bohu\u017eia\u013e najviac 30.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     \u010caj z ihli\u010dia je v\u00fdborn\u00e1 vec, hlavne v zime. \u010cist\u00fd pr\u00edrodn\u00fd produkt, ktor\u00fd v\u00e1m dod\u00e1 potrebn\u00e9 vitam\u00edny. Ja si ho pripravujem inak ako je zvykom, teda zalia\u0165 bylinku vriacou vodou. Najprv vlo\u017e\u00edm ihli\u010die do studenej vody a a\u017e potom za\u010dnem vari\u0165. Po pribli\u017ene 10 min\u00fatach to cel\u00e9 odstav\u00edm a nech\u00e1m 5 min. l\u00fahova\u0165. \u010caj m\u00e1 zelenkav\u00fa farbu a trpk\u00fa chu\u0165. Na\u0161i predkovia ho pili be\u017ene. Bol pre nich jedn\u00fdm z prostriedkov ktor\u00fdm sa br\u00e1nili proti skorbutu, chorobe kedy m\u00e1 \u010dlovek m\u00e1lo vitam\u00ednu C. V\u0161etk\u00fdm ho odpor\u00fa\u010dam vysk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

     V\u010faka umelej v\u00fdsadbe od 19. storo\u010dia je jedn\u00fdm z najviac roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fdch stromov v celej Eur\u00f3pe. Patr\u00ed do \u010de\u013eade borovicovit\u00e9 a pozn\u00e1me ich pribli\u017ene 36 druhov. Ako to u\u017e b\u00fdva, botanici sa nevedia dohodn\u00fa\u0165, preto je toto \u010d\u00edslo v r\u00f4znych krajin\u00e1ch in\u00e9. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Jeho vyu\u017eitie je ve\u013ek\u00e9 a pon\u00faka n\u00e1m zo seba takmer […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-154","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-stromy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/154","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=154"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/154\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":274,"href":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/154\/revisions\/274"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=154"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=154"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=154"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}