{"id":162,"date":"2023-01-17T14:04:28","date_gmt":"2023-01-17T13:04:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/?p=162"},"modified":"2023-01-25T13:36:41","modified_gmt":"2023-01-25T12:36:41","slug":"borovica-lesna-pinus-sylvestris","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/?p=162","title":{"rendered":"Borovica lesn\u00e1 (pinus sylvestris)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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     S\u00fa stromy, kry a bylinky, z ktor\u00fdch m\u00f4\u017eeme z\u00fa\u017eitkova\u0165 \u00faplne v\u0161etko. Kvety, listy, plody, drevo aj korene. Borovica lesn\u00e1, Pinus sylvestris medzi ne ur\u010dite patr\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     Na Slovensku je z ihli\u010dnanov najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161\u00ed druh a je rozpoznate\u013en\u00e1 u\u017e z dia\u013eky. \u010castokr\u00e1t na ve\u013ekej ploche k\u00f4ry (naj\u010dastej\u0161ie od prvej tretiny vy\u0161\u0161ie) v\u00fdrazn\u00e1 oran\u017eov\u00e1 farba v zelenom lese zaujme. Jej star\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1zov ur\u010dite pozn\u00e1te, predsa sosna. \u010co v\u0161etko n\u00e1m tento strom dok\u00e1\u017ee da\u0165, si teraz po\u010fme pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n

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     Z ihli\u010dia si m\u00f4\u017eete pripravi\u0165 \u010daj, ktor\u00fd je v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00fd a obsahuje ve\u013ea vitam\u00ednu C. Ale vedeli ste, \u017ee aj z mlad\u00fdch zelen\u00fdch \u0161i\u0161iek si ho takisto m\u00f4\u017eete uvari\u0165? \u010caje sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa hlavne pri lie\u010den\u00ed horn\u00fdch d\u00fdchac\u00edch ciest, je dobr\u00fd pri n\u00e1dche a ka\u0161li. Vetvi\u010dky alebo \u0161i\u0161ky zalejeme studenou vodou, povar\u00edme 10 a\u017e 15 min. a pr\u00edpadne nech\u00e1me e\u0161te vyl\u00fahova\u0165. Takto pripraven\u00fd ho m\u00f4\u017eeme pi\u0165 napari\u0165 sa nad n\u00edm alebo si ho prida\u0165 do k\u00fape\u013ea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     Ak ihli\u010die budete pol hodinku zohrieva\u0165 tesne pred bodom varu, potom ho sced\u00edte, do tohto prid\u00e1te trstinov\u00fd cukor a po vychladnut\u00ed budete znovu zohrieva\u0165 tak po cca 2 hodin\u00e1ch vyrob\u00edte med.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     Indi\u00e1ni Severnej Ameriky z ihli\u010dia borovice vyr\u00e1baj\u00fa dodnes ko\u0161\u00edky, mal\u00e9 n\u00e1dobky, metli\u010dky a aj okrasn\u00e9 predmety.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     Miazga, \u017eivica je vec s ve\u013ek\u00fdm V. Strom sa pomocou nej dok\u00e1\u017ee nielen \u00faspe\u0161ne br\u00e1ni\u0165 proti hmyzu, bakt\u00e9riam a plesniam, ale je aj prospe\u0161n\u00e1 pre \u010dloveka. M\u00e1 viac mo\u017enost\u00ed vyu\u017eitia. V pr\u00edpade bolest\u00ed brucha je mo\u017en\u00e9 ju zjes\u0165, no tento sp\u00f4sob si treba overi\u0165. Nie ka\u017ed\u00e9mu m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 a v\u00f4bec nie pri ka\u017edom neduhu. Niekomu po jej u\u017eit\u00ed m\u00f4\u017eu nasta\u0165 mierne bolesti. Preto opatrne. V ka\u017edom pr\u00edpade, ak sa rozhodnete \u017eivicu zjes\u0165, najprv si ju nadrvte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     Ak sa pore\u017eete, m\u00f4\u017eete ju natrie\u0165 na ranu (po jej o\u010disten\u00ed). M\u00e1 blahodarn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky na bunky, alebo ak chcete, zr\u00fdch\u013euje hojenie a z\u00e1rove\u0148 dezinfikuje. Ide\u00e1lne je urobi\u0165 si vlastn\u00fa mas\u0165 (vi\u010f \u010dl\u00e1nok Recepty). T\u00e1to je vhodn\u00e1 napr. na otvoren\u00e9 rany, omrzliny a \u013eahk\u00e9 pop\u00e1leniny. No ak ste v n\u00fadzi, samotn\u00e1 miazga priamo zo stromu je posta\u010duj\u00faca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     Zo \u017eivice sa vyr\u00e1baj\u00fa aj esenci\u00e1lne oleje a tie sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa ako pri mas\u00e1\u017each, tak aj inhal\u00e1cii obdobne ako \u010daj z vetvi\u010diek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u010eal\u0161\u00ed sp\u00f4sob vyu\u017eitia je zmie\u0161a\u0165 ju s popolom potom, ke\u010f ju dostanete do tekut\u00e9ho stavu a vznikne v\u00e1m lepidlo. Samotn\u00e1 \u017eivica je krehk\u00e1 a \u013eahko sa l\u00e1me. Takto ju ale dok\u00e1\u017eete vytvrdi\u0165 a napr. hrot, ktor\u00fd je pripevnen\u00fd k telu \u0161\u00edpu \u017eih\u013eavou a ogebren\u00fd t\u00fdmto lepom, je skuto\u010dne pevne spojen\u00fd. Ak sa v\u00e1m tento n\u00e1pad zd\u00e1 divn\u00fd, tak v\u00f4bec nemus\u00ed. Sk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 to asi nebudete, no na\u0161i predkovia v praveku (viac ako 25.000 rokov dozadu) vyu\u017e\u00edvali tento sp\u00f4sob lepenia be\u017ene. Dokladaj\u00fa to archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy. Ak v\u00e1m z v\u00e1\u0161ho pr\u00e1ve \u010derstvo vyrezan\u00e9ho poh\u00e1ra pretek\u00e1 cez dno voda u\u017e viete, \u010d\u00edm ho utesni\u0165. Som si ist\u00fd, \u017ee v\u00e1m napadne aj jeho \u010fal\u0161ie vyu\u017eitie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     A aby som nezabudol, ve\u010f predsa v\u00fdborne hor\u00ed. Ako podpa\u013e na zalo\u017eenie oh\u0148a je \u017eivica dobr\u00e1 vo\u013eba, hlavne za da\u017e\u010fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     K\u00f4ra m\u00e1 zauj\u00edmav\u00fa vlastnos\u0165. Ak potrebujete udr\u017ea\u0165 pahrebu, tak okrem tvrd\u00e9ho dreva je vynikaj\u00faci pomocn\u00edk. Vysk\u00fa\u0161ajte. Navy\u0161e t\u00e1 tenu\u010dk\u00e1 je tie\u017e vhodn\u00e1 ako podpa\u013e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     Ke\u010f som dostal svoj prv\u00fd n\u00f4\u017e, pr\u00e1ve z borovicovej k\u00f4ry vyrobi\u0165 lo\u010fku, bol moj\u00edm za\u010diato\u010dn\u00edckym rezb\u00e1rskym po\u010dinom. Vlastne ono to bol sk\u00f4r len pokus. Ale na zozn\u00e1menie sa s no\u017eom pre deti je to pod\u013ea m\u0148a skvel\u00fd materi\u00e1l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     Koniec koncov, daj\u00fa sa z nej robi\u0165 naozaj pekn\u00e9 dekora\u010dn\u00e9 veci. Pri t\u00e1boren\u00ed ju m\u00f4\u017eete vyu\u017ei\u0165 ako podstavec pod svie\u010dku, ale aj ako drievko na rezanie slaninky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     Spodn\u00fa \u010das\u0165 vrchnej k\u00f4ry nadrvte, vyvarte a nechajte odst\u00e1\u0165. Z\u00edskate v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00fd \u010daj. Super \u010daje nie s\u00fa len z kme\u0148ov juhoamerick\u00fdch stromov, ale aj z na\u0161ej borovice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     Lyko. Nach\u00e1dza sa tesne pod vrchnou k\u00f4rou. Hne\u010f za n\u00edm je kambium. Tenk\u00e9 pl\u00e1tky opra\u017een\u00e9 so so\u013eou s\u00fa lep\u0161ie ako zemiakov\u00e9 \u010dipsy. Samozrejme, m\u00f4\u017eete ich uvari\u0165, alebo zjes\u0165 aj surov\u00e9. Tie budete len preh\u013ata\u0165, tu v\u00e1m bud\u00fa zuby na ni\u010d. Ak sa rozhodnete vysk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 ho jes\u0165, zase plat\u00ed, nepre\u017ee\u0148te to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     Z lyka sa dodnes vyr\u00e1ba ve\u013emi kvalitn\u00fd \u0161pag\u00e1t. Predpoklad\u00e1m, \u017ee \u010das a priestor na jeho spracovanie (\u010desanie, v\u00fdroba priadze, nit\u00ed, pletenie \u0161n\u00fary) nem\u00e1te, tak aj nespracovan\u00fdm jednoduch\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom si ho m\u00f4\u017eete priamo v lese uplies\u0165. Ur\u010dite to pozn\u00e1te a ak nie, na youtube n\u00e1jdete n\u00e1vody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     Patr\u00ed sa poveda\u0165 aj nie\u010do k drevu. Samozrejme, vyr\u00e1ba sa z neho hlavne n\u00e1bytok. Spodn\u00e9 such\u00e9 kon\u00e1re obsahuj\u00fa ve\u013ea \u017eivice a star\u00ed trampi vedia \u010do s t\u00fdm. Kto po\u010dul o mastnom drievku na zap\u00e1lenie oh\u0148a, ale nevie \u010do to je, tak \u201evoal\u00e1\u201c! Nielen\u017ee dobre hor\u00ed mokr\u00e9, ale aj \u00fa\u017easne vonia. Ke\u010f budete p\u00edli\u0165 tak\u00fdto kon\u00e1r, nere\u017ete ho priamo pri kmeni, ale nechajte z neho k\u00fasok tr\u010da\u0165. Strom sa takto chr\u00e1ni pred \u0161kodcami, a preto je v nich aj to\u013eko \u017eivice. Odrezan\u00edm priamo pri kmeni mu d\u00e1te \u010fal\u0161iu robotu navy\u0161e, aby zacelil ranu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     Such\u00e9 rovn\u00e9 drievko z kme\u0148a alebo kon\u00e1ra je tie\u017e v\u00fdborn\u00e9 na zap\u00e1lenie oh\u0148a tren\u00edm. V podstate ak\u00fdmko\u013evek sp\u00f4sobom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     A nesmieme zabudn\u00fa\u0165 na \u201el\u00fa\u010d\u201c. Je to ploch\u00e9 drievko dlh\u00e9 pribli\u017ene 60 cm a \u0161irok\u00e9 a\u017e 7 cm. Zap\u00e1\u013ete jeden koniec a m\u00e1te svie\u010dku. Teda l\u00fa\u010d. Toto \u013eudia vyu\u017e\u00edvali u\u017e tis\u00edcro\u010dia. Drevo mus\u00ed by\u0165 dokonale such\u00e9 a ani hocijak\u00fd strom nie je vhodn\u00fd. Bola to veda spravi\u0165 spr\u00e1vny l\u00fa\u010d a drevo \u010dasto schlo aj rok. Vyr\u00e1bal sa aj z in\u00fdch druhov stromov, napr. z buku alebo osiky. D\u013a\u017eka horenia z\u00e1visela od uhlu osadenia do stojana, mno\u017estva \u017eivice, kvality dreva, spr\u00e1vneho vyschnutia a ve\u013ekosti. Vysk\u00fa\u0161ajte niekedy pri prespan\u00ed v lese, len si dajte pozor na po\u017eiar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     \u0160i\u0161ky s\u00fa v podstate zdrevnaten\u00e9 neprav\u00e9 plody. Nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa sa v nich semienka stromu. Tieto sl\u00fa\u017eia nielen na rozmno\u017eovanie, ale aj ako potrava pre hlodavcov a niektor\u00e9 druhy vt\u00e1kov. Kedysi d\u00e1vno \u013eudia (t\u00ed chudobn\u00ed) \u0161i\u0161ky zbierali a k\u00farili nimi. Nie je to ide\u00e1lne, prive\u013ea praskaj\u00fa a maj\u00fa mal\u00fa v\u00fdhrevnos\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     \u0160i\u0161ka, o ktorej som teraz p\u00edsal, je sami\u010dia \u0161i\u0161ka. Ihli\u010dnany sa rozmno\u017euj\u00fa pe\u013eom pomocou vetra. Kde je teda sam\u010dia \u0161i\u0161ka? Predsa na konci kon\u00e1rikov medzi ihli\u010d\u00edm. V t\u00fdchto sa nach\u00e1dza pe\u013e a ten je ve\u013emi v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00fdm a cenen\u00fdm artiklom. D\u00e1 sa jes\u0165 samotn\u00fd, alebo si ho m\u00f4\u017eete prida\u0165 do cesta. M\u00e1 vynikaj\u00facu chu\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n

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 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

     Na z\u00e1ver som si nechal decht. Tento sa vyr\u00e1ba dodnes a to pravdepodobne od doby \u017eeleznej. Dnes sa vyu\u017e\u00edva najm\u00e4 na lek\u00e1rske \u00fa\u010dely, ke\u010f\u017ee m\u00e1 blahodarn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky na poko\u017eku a d\u00fdchacie cesty. Lie\u010di sa n\u00edm aj psori\u00e1za. Vyr\u00e1baj\u00fa sa z neho kr\u00e9my a \u0161amp\u00f3ny. M\u00e1 antiseptick\u00e9 a dezinfek\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky. Popravde, ako je to u n\u00e1s na Slovensku s predajom a vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm v\u00fdrobkov z dechtu, netu\u0161\u00edm. Ur\u010dite nebudem \u010faleko od pravdy, ke\u010f poviem, \u017ee vo ve\u013emi malej miere. Perli\u010dka je, \u017ee dodnes nevieme, ak\u00fdm presn\u00fdm mechanizmom funguj\u00fa jednotliv\u00e9 l\u00e1tky na \u013eudsk\u00e9 telo. T\u00fdch je v dechte zisten\u00fdch zatia\u013e okolo 1000. Ako prv\u00fd jeho blahodarn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky pop\u00edsal Hipokrates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     \u013dudia sa plavia na lodiach h\u00e1dam odjak\u017eiva. N\u00e1morn\u00edci sa museli vysporiada\u0165 nielen s vrtochmi pr\u00edrody, ale aj s t\u00fdm, ako zabezpe\u010di\u0165 vy\u0161\u0161iu \u017eivotnos\u0165 lode. No a pr\u00e1ve decht bol jedn\u00fdm z hlavn\u00fdch prostriedkov pri ich v\u00fdrobe. Morsk\u00e1 so\u013e \u017eerie v\u0161etko, preto sa lanovie a \u010doko\u013evek, \u010do jej bolo vystaven\u00e9 napospas, natieralo dechtom. Existuj\u00fa tri druhy kvality dechtu a pod\u013ea toho sa aj na jednotliv\u00e9 \u010dasti lod\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvali. \u0160v\u00e9dsko pred 150 rokmi zbohatlo pr\u00e1ve na jeho v\u00fdrobe, pred\u00e1vali ho do cel\u00e9ho sveta. Preto aj dodnes je najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1zov tohto v\u00fdrobku \u201e\u0161tokholmsk\u00fd decht\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     Viete ako sa vyr\u00e1ba? Jednoducho. Ke\u010f nap\u00ed\u0161em pyrol\u00edza alebo such\u00e1 destil\u00e1cia, niektor\u00ed u\u017e viete. Tak ako si vyr\u00e1bate charcloth, tak isto sa vyr\u00e1ba aj decht. Do uzavretej n\u00e1doby bez pr\u00edstupu vzduchu dali drevo, kon\u00e1re, ale aj korene a cel\u00e9 pne. Zap\u00e1lili ohe\u0148 a pri cca 200 stup\u0148och za\u010dne kvapka\u0165 prv\u00fd decht. Ten sa potom zachyt\u00ed do \u010fal\u0161ej n\u00e1doby. M\u00f4\u017eete si ho pripravi\u0165 aj sami a kto m\u00e1 r\u00e1d star\u00e9 techniky, napr\u00edklad o\u0161etrenia ko\u017ee, tak pr\u00e1ve tento sa pou\u017e\u00edval ako impregn\u00e1cia proti premoknutiu ko\u017ee a l\u00e1tok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     \u010co doda\u0165? Mo\u017eno len to, \u017ee napr. v Japonsku je borovica symbolom dlhovekosti a sily. B\u00fdva \u010dast\u00fdm n\u00e1metom pre umelcov. Najstar\u0161ie vykop\u00e1vky skamenen\u00fdch stromov s\u00fa z obdobia Jury (od 200 do 150 mili\u00f3nov rokov). Tak\u017ee vznikla u\u017e za \u010dias dinosaurov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee environment\u00e1lny pr\u00ednos borovice rozobera\u0165 nemus\u00edm. Ako m\u00e1te mo\u017enos\u0165 vidie\u0165 d\u00e1 sa z nej vyu\u017ei\u0165 \u00faplne v\u0161etko. Tento strom bol a aj dnes je pre n\u00e1s st\u00e1le nenahradite\u013en\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

zdroj: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=BorMxGyulUY<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

     S\u00fa stromy, kry a bylinky, z ktor\u00fdch m\u00f4\u017eeme z\u00fa\u017eitkova\u0165 \u00faplne v\u0161etko. Kvety, listy, plody, drevo aj korene. Borovica lesn\u00e1, Pinus sylvestris medzi ne ur\u010dite patr\u00ed.      Na Slovensku je z ihli\u010dnanov najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161\u00ed druh a je rozpoznate\u013en\u00e1 u\u017e z dia\u013eky. \u010castokr\u00e1t na ve\u013ekej ploche k\u00f4ry (naj\u010dastej\u0161ie od prvej tretiny vy\u0161\u0161ie) v\u00fdrazn\u00e1 oran\u017eov\u00e1 farba […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-162","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-stromy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=162"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":276,"href":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162\/revisions\/276"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=162"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=162"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamivlese.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=162"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}